《动物细胞融合与单克隆抗体》课件五（40张PPT）（人教版选修3）.pptVIP

进行植物组织培养，一般要经历以下五个阶段： 1 外植体的选择及培养 。 2 诱导去分化阶段 。 3 继代增殖阶段 。 4 诱导分化生根成芽阶段 。 5 移栽成活阶段 。 植物细胞培养定义 在离体条件下，将愈伤组织活则其他易分散的组织置于液体培养基中，进行振荡培养，得到分散成游离的悬浮细胞，通过继代培养使细胞增殖，从而获得大量的细胞群体的一种技术。 二. 植物细胞培养 工业化植物细胞培养系统主要有两大类： 悬浮细胞培养系统和固定化细胞培养系统 三. 植物细胞杂交（细胞融合） 1960年英国诺丁汉大学Cocking 教授领导的小组率先利用真菌纤维素酶，成功地制备出了大量具有高度活性可再生的番茄幼根细胞原生质体, 开辟了原生质体融合研究的新阶段。 植物细胞杂交的主要过程如下： 1. 原生质体的制备。 2. 原生质体的融合 。 3. 杂合体的鉴别与筛选 。 细胞育种 诱导突变，筛选新品系、新品种 次生代谢产物生成 从培养的植物细胞中提取所需的代谢产物。 优点 ?比栽培原料作物更易控制最佳生产条件； ?培养物为无菌、无虫材料，能保证产品质量； ?工艺操作较为简单，可减少劳动费用，提高 生产率。 植物细胞工程的应用 PERSPECTIVES for the Future Advances in the culture of human cells will allow them to be applied to the treatment of disease and injury. Even today, severe burn patients can be treated by removing some of their undamaged skin, culturing the fibroblasts, and applying them to areas where the skin has been destroyed. As specific growth factors for various cell types are identified and expressed in sufficient quantities by recombinant DNA techniques, other cell types will be cultured and used therapeutically. In the not too distant future, safe and effective viral vectors will likely be developed to deliver genes encoding therapeutic proteins or RNAs to the specific cells where they are needed. Such gene therapy potentially could successfully treat numerous human diseases caused by the absence of critical cellular molecules. SUMMARY  Growth of vertebrate cells in culture requires rich media containing essential amino acids, vitamins, and peptide or protein growth factors, frequently provided by serum. Most cultured vertebrate cells will grow only when attached to a negatively charged substratum that mimics the extracellular matrix in animal tissues. Primary cells, which are derived directly from animal tissue, have limited growth potential in culture and may give rise to a cell strain. Transformed cells, which a