性别和年龄社会分层课件_3.pptVIP

Gender Stratification Gender and Inequality Gender refers to personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male Gender stratification unequal distribution of wealth, power and privilege between men and women Male-female biological differences Gender in a Global Perspective Israeli kibbutzim Margaret Mead’s research George Murdock’s research Gender and culture What it means to be male or female is mostly a creation of society Patriarchy and Sexism A form of social organization in which males dominate females Matriarchy Social dominance by women A form of social organization in which females dominate males Sexism Belief that one sex or the other is innately inferior or superior Institutional sexism The costs of sexism Inevitability of patriarchy Global Map 13-1 Women’s Power in Global Perspective Gender and the Family Is it a boy or girl? Color-coding gender Traditional notions of gender identity Handling of children Female: passivity and emotion Male: independence and action Gender and Peer Groups Playing games Janet Lever (1978) Boys favor team sports with Complex rules and clear objectives Girls team sports are different Games teach interpersonal skills and the value of sharing and cooperation Carol Gilligan’s gender based theory of moral reasoning (1982) Schooling – educational choices Role of Media White males have center stage Minorities of all kinds locked out Women receive roles based on sex appeal Advertising some changes The “beauty myth” Social Stratification Almost 60% of all women work Administrative support and service sector jobs make up the type of work done by 50% of all working women Women hold primary responsibility for household duties On average, women earn 73 cents for every dollar earned by men (2000) Largely due to kind of work done and family responsibilities Corporate women and the glass ceiling Recently, 12% of richest Americans identified by Forbes were women Figure 13-2 Men and Women in the