第十章 肝胆疾病的生物化学诊断课件.ppt

肝胆疾病的生物化学检验Biochemistry test of liver disease 了解： 肝脏的结构与血液供应特点、肝脏的主要功能、胆红素的正常代谢通路。（第一节） 熟悉： 肝胆疾病的代谢紊乱。常用肝功能试验的选择及组合（第三节部分和第四节） 掌握： 肝胆疾病的常用生物化学检验、肝胆疾病的实验诊断。（第二节和第三节部分） 第一节 肝胆的结构及功能概述 Structure and functions of the liver 一、肝脏的结构 Structure of the liver 二、肝脏的功能 Functions of the liver 三、胆汁的生成及组成 production of the bile 胆红素代谢 Metabolism of bilirubin Overview of the Liver / The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right-hand side of the abdomen. Somewhat larger than the size of a football and weighing about 2-3 pounds, it performs numerous functions for the body: converting转化 nutrients营养素 derived from得到 food into essential基本的 blood components, storing vitamins and minerals, regulating blood clotting凝固, producing proteins and enzymes, maintaining hormone balances, and metabolizing代谢 and detoxifying解毒 substances that would otherwise be harmful to the body. The liver also makes factors that help the human immune system fight infection, removes bacteria from the blood, and makes bile, which is essential for digestion. Bile, a greenish-yellow fluid consisting of bile acids (or salts) and waste products废物, such as bile pigments胆色素, flows through small bile ducts inside the liver. The bile moves from these small ducts into larger ones, like streams into a river, eventually traveling into the common bile duct and out of the liver. Some of the bile flows directly to the duodenum十二指肠; the rest is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder胆囊. After a person eats, the gallbladder, a fist拳-sized organ that sits next to the liver, releases some of the stored bile into the small intestine小肠, where it helps to digest fats. 一、肝脏的结构与 血液供应特点 ① 双重血液供应 ② 微绒毛多 ③ 丰富的亚细胞结构 ④ 众多的酶系 ① 入： 双重血液供应(Double blood supply) 门静脉(Portal vein) : 60% 肝动脉(Hepatic artery): 40% , 70% 氧 出： 总胆管 Common bile duct 肝静脉 Hepatic vein ② 微绒毛多 → 增大了与血窦的接触面→ 通透性高→ 有利于物质的转运 ③ 丰富的亚细胞结构→ 物质代谢的场所 线粒体；内质网；高尔基体；溶酶体 ④ 众多的酶系→ 物质代谢保障 二、肝脏物质代谢 (1) Metabolism o