糖尿病基础知识英文概要课件.ppt

* * * Autoimmune (type?1 diabetes) type?2 diabetes * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Studies have shown that medications have been successful in preventing diabetes in some population groups. In the Diabetes Prevention Program, people treated with the drug metformin reduced their risk of developing diabetes by 31% over 3 years. Treatment with metformin was most effective among younger, heavier people (those 25-40 years of age who were 50 to 80 pounds overweight) and less effective among older people and people who were not as overweight. Similarly, in the STOP-NIDDM Trial, treatment of people with IGT with the drug acarbose reduced the risk of developing diabetes by 25% over 3 years. Other medication studies are ongoing. In addition to preventing progression from IGT to diabetes, both lifestyle changes and medication have also been shown to increase the probability of reverting from IGT to normal glucose tolerance. Management of Diabetes Mellitus The major components of the treatment of diabetes are: Diet is a basic part of management in every case. Treatment cannot be effective unless adequate attention is given to ensuring appropriate nutrition. Dietary treatment should aim at: ensuring weight control providing nutritional requirements allowing good glycaemic control with blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible correcting any associated blood lipid abnormalities The following principles are recommended as dietary guidelines for people with diabetes: Dietary fat should provide 25-35% of total intake of calories but saturated fat intake should not exceed 10% of total energy. Cholesterol consumption should be restricted and limited to 300 mg or less daily. Protein intake can range between 10-15% total energy (0.8-1 g/kg of desirable body weight). Requirements increase for children and during pregnancy. Protein should be derived from both animal and vegetable sources. Carbohydrates provide 50-60% of total caloric con