英语语法现在完成时PPT课件.pptVIP

Present perfect tense;一、现在完成时谓语动词的构成：助动词have/has(not) +V-ed（过去分词）;过去分词的构成;▲现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。 ; He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.He has studied French. (他学过法语。)这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。;现在完成时用法（一）;注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有already或just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already 或just 去掉，在句末加上yet. ;For …. Since…;现在完成时用法二:;标志词：for +一段时间, since+过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last …years;1.The Jiangs ___________(live) here for almost ten years. 2.He _____________(work) in the factory since 1994. 3.His parent ___________(teach) in this school since they came to the city. 4.The child ___________(sleep)since two hours ago.;延续性语境中的非延续性动词的使用??? 在具体的语言环境中，往往会出现非延续性动词与时间段相连用的情况。由于受汉语影响，往往错误地直译为：?He has fallen asleep for an hour. 他睡了一小时了。（×）?His father has died for three years. 他父亲去世三年了。（×）当出现这种情况时，我们往往采取以下解决方法：;（1）将非延续性动词转化为相应的状态动词。所谓状态动词就是指这一动作发生后接下来所呈现的状态。如：??? He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”为短暂动作，但be asleep“睡着”则为状态动词，可延续。）??? His father has been dead for three years.（die为短暂动词，“死”后的状态可用“be dead”这种系表结构来描述，可延续。）;短暂性动词转换为延续性动词;7.join the group---be in the group be a member of … (我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了.) 8. die-----be dead (我爷爷死了两个月了) 9.get up----- be up (他已起床一刻钟了.) 10.begin---- be on (会议已开始十分钟.) 11. come to …/ arrive in… /get to… -------be in …(他已到南京三天???.) 12. open /close---- be open/be closed (门开/关了十分钟了);常见的这种动词的转化有以下几类：??? go there—be there, come back—be back, borrow—keep, buy/catch—have, arrive—be in, begin—be on, open—be open, close—be closed, die—be dead, leave—be away from, get up—be up, fall asleep—be asleep, become—be, join—be in/a member of, receive—have, catch/get a cold—have a cold, get married—be married，come → be in，finish → be over， leaver → be away;1. turn on the radio---keep the radio on He turned on the r