上下游叶排对子颤振特性的影响 .docx

硕士学位论文上下游叶排对转子颤振特性的影响Influence of Up- and Downstream Blade Rows on Rotor Blade Flutter Characteristics学科专业航空工程培养院系能源与动力工程学院摘要随着现代飞机的发展，人们对航空发动机的性能提出了更高的要求，一方面要求其具有高推重比和低耗油率，发动机气动载荷增加；另一方面又要求发动机具有高可靠性、长寿命以及轻重量等特点，导致流体诱发的叶片振动问题越发显著。叶片排之间不断减小的轴向间距使得干涉作用对叶片气动弹性稳定性的影响日益突出。本文分别使用了能量法和流固耦合法研究了上、下游叶排干涉对转子叶片颤振特性的影响。能量法基于能量输运的角度判断叶片振动的稳定性，物理概念明晰，计算效率高；流固耦合法通过模拟叶片与周围流体的相互作用过程来判断其气弹稳定性，它可以综合考虑多个模态对振动的影响，更加接近物理实际。在二维叶栅算例中，使用能量法分析了转子叶片颤振特性，主要考虑的是由于轴向间距的改变导致的叶排之间干涉强度的变化，从而对转子叶片振动稳定性造成影响。结果表明，考虑下游势干扰时，随着轴向间距的减小，势干扰强度不断增强，加剧叶片失稳；考虑上游干涉作用时，在轴向间距较大的情况下，导叶促进转子叶片的气弹稳定性且间距越大效果越好；当轴向间距较小时，导叶的加入会使叶片更容易失稳。在三维1.5级压气机级中，使用流固耦合法，分析了不同轴向间距下转子叶片在最高效率点附近的颤振特性行。结果表明，对于一阶弯曲振动，单转子计算结果与考虑下游静子势干扰时的结果相比过于安全；随着间距减小，一阶弯曲振动稳定性不单调变化，一阶弯扭振型稳定性得到加强而一阶扭转则被削弱。上游导叶的加入会促进转子一阶弯曲和一阶弯扭振动稳定性，但会削弱一阶扭转振动稳定性。对于一阶弯曲振动，存在一个最佳间距值使其稳定性最好；随着间距的减小，一阶扭转振动稳定性减弱，一阶弯扭振动稳定性加强。叶排干涉还有可能造成转子叶片发生低阶次的强迫振动。关键词：颤振特性，上下游叶排，气动阻尼，轴向间距AbstractWith the development of modern aircrafts, aero-engines are put forward with higher requirements of their performance. On the one hand, engine are required to have high thrust-weight ratio and low specific fuel consumption (SFC), which increases working load. On the other hand, high reliability, long life-span and light weight are also demanded, which makes blade vibration problem induced by fluid more and more severe. Ever decreasing axial gap between blade rows leads to the influence of interaction effects on blade aero-elastic stability becoming more obvious.An energy method and a fluid-structure interaction method are applied in the study of the influence of up- and downstream blade rows on rotor blade flutter characteristics in 2D cascades and full-annulus, 3D compressors, respectively. The energy method judges blade stability according to the principle of energy transportation. It has clear physics concept and high computational efficiency. In fluid-structure interaction method, the stability is determined by simulating the process of interaction between blade and surrounding fluid. This method ta