β环糊精改性PVD超滤膜的制备及性能评价.doc

本科毕业设计（论文） 题 目 β-环糊精改性PVDF超滤膜的制备及性能评价 Preparation and property evaluation of modified PVDF ultrafiltration membranes by β-cyclodextrin 教学院系 化学化工学院 专业年级 应用化学2011级 完成日期 201 年 6 月 日 摘要 聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)有着其优良的物理化学性能（力学性能优良、韧性好、化学稳定性好、不易被酸碱腐蚀等），使它成为超滤膜制备的优选材料。但PVDF超滤膜的缺点是具有强疏水性，这让超滤膜在水处理分离过程中会出现两个问题：一是分离过程中通量很低，需要较大的驱动力，操作费用高;二是在分离油水体系过程中，膜表面或膜孔内容易被有机污染物（蛋白质）容易吸附，从而造成膜污染，导致膜性能下降，影响膜的使用寿命。由于上述缺点，从而限制了其在污水处理领域的应用范围。对膜材料进行改性是解决膜污染问题的根本途径。而环糊精的外缘亲水，将其和膜处理技术相结合，可以提高膜亲水性能[1]。傅立叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(FTIR-ATR)考察改性膜表面的化学结构；超滤杯测试超滤膜改性前后的纯水膜通量和截留率；采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了膜表面、断面和内部的形貌以及成孔情况；原子力显微镜（AFM）测量了膜表面的粗糙度；接触角测量仪和吸水率的测定探究了膜的亲水性能。实验结果表明：最佳的铸膜液配比为：PVDF(18wt.%)+ PVP(4wt.%)+DMAc(78wt.%)；通过β-环糊精改性后，膜的亲水性、抗污染性均得到了显著提高。与原膜相比，通过改变环糊精比例(0.9%, 1.8%, 2.7%)，通量分别上升到708.0L/(m2﹒h)、766.5L/(m2﹒h)、901.08L/(m2﹒h)。水接触角从64.9°下降为64.9°、48.5°45.9°，截留率上升为65.4%、73.4%、83.6%，1.8%（w/v）的β-环糊精的通量恢复率达到49.1%。β-环糊精成功接枝在膜表面，提高了膜综合性能，这为今后增强PVDF超滤膜抗污染性研究提供一定的借鉴。 关键词：聚偏氟乙烯超滤膜水通量亲水性β-环糊精Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has a its excellent physical and chemical properties (the excellent mechanical properties, good toughness, good chemical stability, not easy to be the acid-base corrosion), make it become a preferred material for membrane preparation. But PVDF ultrafiltration membrane defect is a strong hydrophobicity, let the ultrafiltration membrane to water treatment separation process will appear two problems: separation of flux is very low and requires a larger driving force, high operation cost; the second is in oil-water separation system, the membrane surface or film hole to organic pollutants (protein) to adsorb, resulting in membrane fouling, leads to a decrease in membrane performance and effect of membrane service life. Due to the above disadvantages, it limits its application in the field of wastewater treatment. The modification of membrane is the fundamental solution to membrane fouling.. And cyclodextrin on the outer edge of the hydrophilic hydrophobic cavities, with heavy metal ions to