人教版初二_0092.docxVIP

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 13 Unit 9 语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点语法，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。 现在完成时?(Present?Perfect?Tense)? （1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。? —It’s?so?dark.?太黑了。? —Someone?has?turned?off?the?light.?有人把灯关上了。? （2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。? 常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego,?so?far等时间状语连用。? Eg.?I?have?lived?here?for?ten?years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）? Eg.?I?have?lived?here?since?2003.?自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）? （3）?基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)??(当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)?? ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他?? I?have?finished?my?homework.?(肯定句)? ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他? I?have?not?finished?my?homework.?（否定句） ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他? —Have?you?finished?your?homework?? —Yes,?I?have.?/?No,?I?haven’t,?（一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）? （4）has?gone?(to),?has?been?(to),??has?been?(in)?的区别? ??Have/Has?gone(to)?:去了(现在不在说话现场) ?Eg.?Where?is?your?father？? He?has?gone?to?Shanghai.?? ??Have/Has?been?(to)?:去过（已不在去过的地方）? Eg.?My?father?has?been?to?Shanghai.?? ??Have/has?been?in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）? Eg.?My?father?has?been?in?Shanghai?for?two?months.??=My?father?has?been?in?Shanghai?since?two?months?ago.? （5）现在完成时的标志：? ①常与just,?already,?yet,?ever,?never,?before,?so?far?等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。? Have?you?ever?been?to?Japan??I?have?just?finished?my?homework.? ②for?+?时间段；since?+?过去的时间点；since?+?段时间?ago；since?+?一般过去时的句子。? They?have?known?each?other?for?five?years.?Since?he?was?a?child,?he?has?lived?in?England. 动词过去式和过去分词的变化 ?规则变化：??1.?一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick?→?picked?→?picked;??wish?→?wished?→?wished;??stay?→?stayed?→?stayed?? 2.?以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like?→?liked?→?liked;??hope?→?hoped?→?hoped;?phone?→?phoned?→?phoned?? 3.?以―辅音字母?+?y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study?→?studied?→?studied;??hurry?→?hurried?→?hurried;?reply?→?replied?→?replied? 4.?词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop?→?stopped?→?stopped;?clap?→?clapped?→?clapped ?不规则变化：?? ?以不变应万变。如：