叶尖间隙对转子叶片颤特性的影响.docx

硕士学位论文叶尖间隙对转子叶片颤振特性的影响The influence of tip clearance on rotor flutter characteristics学科专业航空工程培养院系能源与动力工程学院摘要在风扇转子叶片中，叶顶区域受到的气动载荷远远大于叶根等其他区域。叶尖间隙的存在，使叶顶区域形成了以间隙泄漏流、通道激波和边界层及其相互干扰为特征的复杂流动，这类复杂的流动对叶片表面气动载荷产生强烈影响。叶片颤振做为一种流体诱发的自激振动，与叶尖间隙泄漏流有较强的关联性。本文使用流固耦合的计算方法研究了风扇转子叶尖间隙对转子叶片颤振特性的影响。以NASA Rotor67算例和大型民用风扇算例分别建立了全环的流体域网格和单叶片的固体域网格。计算求解器为本组自行编制的HGFS求解器，求解定常和非定常流场使用雷诺平均的N-S方程（RANS），使用振型叠加法求解结构动力学方程，利用时间推进法模拟整个计算过程直到达到收敛条件。对得到的模态位移曲线进行拟合，得到不同振型对应的气动阻尼。在NASA Rotor67算例中，分别使用考虑弯曲振型的能量法和流固耦合法分析了转子叶片的颤振特性，间隙范围从0.15%叶高到1.26%叶高。结果表明，叶尖间隙产生的主泄漏流和通道泄漏流及激波干涉，是叶片表面非定常压力波动的主要原因。叶尖间隙的大小与气动阻尼为非线性关系，存在一个中间叶尖间隙使气动阻尼最大，气弹稳定性最优。在大型民用风扇算例中，使用了考虑前三阶振型的流固耦合法，间隙范围从0.25%叶尖弦长到1%叶尖弦长。研究发现，叶尖间隙对转子叶片表面非定常压力波动的影响是非线性的，在不同的节径和对应振型下，气动阻尼随间隙变化的规律不同。考虑最不稳定点的气动阻尼，叶尖间隙的增大不会对叶片颤振产生明显的促进作用。关键词：颤振特性，叶尖间隙，泄漏涡，气动阻尼AbstractIn the fan rotor blades, the aerodynamic loads on the tip area was greater than the blade root and other areas. Because of the tip leakage flow, the tip region formed a gap leakage flow, shock waves and boundary layers and interaction of both of them. This characterized complex flow make a strong impact on the blade surface aerodynamic loads. Flutter was a fluid-induced self-excited vibration. It has a strong correlation with the tip clearance leakage flow.In this paper, the calculation of fluid-solid coupling method was used toresearch the fan rotor blade tip clearance for rotor flutter characteristics. The NASA Rotor67 example and a big fan example was used. The fluid domains were established as GEFs grid and the solid domains were established as single blade grid. Calculation solver was based on a self-prepared group HGFS solver.Reynolds averaged NS equations (RANS) was used to solvethe steady and unsteady flow field.The mode superposition method was used to solve the structural dynamic equations.The time promoted method was used to simulate the entire calculation process until achieve the convergence condition. Modal displacement curves were fitted to obtain different modes corresponding ae