数字式直流电机双闭环速系统设计.doc

摘　　要 在高度现代化的今天，现代电力电子技术、计算机技术、现代控制理论的发展，促进了直流调速技术的进步，使之成为目前活跃的调速技术。长期以来，直流电动机因其具有调节转速灵活、方法简单、控制性能好等特点，应用在越来越广的领域中。 在控制领域中，微机技术得到了广泛的应用。例如，以单片机为控制核心的直流电机调速系统。其调速系统的特点是： 1、速度给定和测速采用数字化，这样就能够在很宽的范围内高精度测速，进而扩大了调速范围，提高了速度控制的精度。 2、硬件高度的集成化，使零部件的数量和触点大大减少。 3、由于许多功能都是由软件来完成的，所以使硬件得以简化，故障率比较小。单片机以数字信号来工作，其控制手段方便灵活，抗干扰能力强。 本文以80C196KC单片机为控制核心，研制了一套数字式直流电机双闭环调速系统。介绍了如何从直流电机调速系统的功能和特点，分析双闭环PID控制的调速系统的数学模型，确定了电流环和转速环的比例和积分系数。此外，由于系统采用数字式速度给定和数字式测速方法，进而提高了速度控制的精度。 Abstract At a height of the modernization of today，the development of modern power electronics, computer and modern control theory promotes the progress of DC speed regulation technology. For a long time, DC motor has made them to be used in many areas because of its neatly adjust, easy method and its control performance is very good. With the development of microcomputer, it is widely used in the control field. For example, The digital speed control system for DC motor，which uses Single Chip Micro (SCM) as its processor. Its speed regulation systems characteristic is : First、the speed giving and speed measuring adopt digital method，the system can measure the speed accuracy within a wide range，which expands the speed control scope and entrances its precision. Secondthe hardware is highly integrated，tire number of the parts and contacts of the system are sharply minimized. Thirdas most functions are carried out by software，the rate of malfunction is less than the Analog System. Moreover，as SCM works with digital signal，its control method is flexible and its ability to anti-interference is very high. In this paper， a 80C196KC SCM is used as the processor for the speed control system of DC motor. It is also discussed in this paper how to analyze the math model of double- close- loop speed control system by analyzing the functions and characteristics of the speed controlling system for DC motor，and find out the proportion and integral factors of the current and voltage loop. Moreover，the system adopted digital speed