人教版高中英语必修二第6讲Uit3Computers语法篇.docVIP

Unit3 Computers-语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 通过本节课的学习掌握 现在完成时的被动语态 一．现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式 1. 肯定式：主语＋have/has been done. 如： The first subway to cross the Yangtze River has been started. 第一条横穿长江的地铁已经开工。 2. 否定式：主语＋have/has not been done. 如： When and where to have our holiday hasnt been decided yet. 我们还没决定何时去何地度假。 3. 一般疑问式：Have/Has＋主语＋been done…?如： Has the construction of the underwater tunnel been finished? 水下隧道的建造已完工了吗？ 4. 特殊疑问式：疑问词＋have/has(＋主语)＋been done…?如： What parts of Gansu Province have been hit by strong winds and heavy snowfall in the past two days? 在刚过去的两天里，甘肃省的什么地方受到大风和大雪侵袭？ 温馨提示： (1)since then/since＋从句，in/during the past/last＋一段时间，so far, by now, up to now, recently, lately, already, yet等常用于现在完成时中。 (2)ever, never, already, yet等副词用于现在完成时的被动语态中常放在has或have之后。 二．现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法和注意事项 1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Im sorry，but the letters havent been typed yet. 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是现在还拿不到这些信件) The work has already been finished. 工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了) 4.非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。 非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可与already或yet连用。如： No books have been bought since last week.自上周以来，没有人来买过书。 误：How long has this book been bought? 正：How long ago was this book bought? 这本书买了多久了？ 温馨提示： 这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since或for构成的时间状语连用。如： The book has not been borrowed since last month.自上个月以来这本书就没有被借过。 5.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如： No news has been heard about him since he left his hometown. 自从他离开家乡，就没有关于他的任何消息传来。 例1.A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 例2. (2014湖南长沙月考) The boys followed the marks that they__________, until finally they found their way back to the campsite. A. left B. have left C. had left D. have been left 例A. has been reache