粉尘与尘肺课件_5.ppt

粉尘与尘肺;粉尘的存在方式;一、生产性粉尘;生产性粉尘;Dust Exposure in workplace;生产性粉尘;A simplified illustration of the possibly complex chemical heterogeneity of PM;环境中常见粉尘; 硅占地壳组分的 28% 含硅矿石分布十分广泛 游离二氧化硅常以石英代表 所有岩石和矿石中都有 含有一定量的石英;Scanning electron micrograph of silica particles, which are irregular and sharp. Silicon peak on energy dispersive x-ray analysis.;Coal Mine;Asbestos;二、粉尘特性;Dust sampler;粉 尘 监 测;三、粉尘在机体内过程;cilia;;纤维长度大于肺泡巨噬细胞直径 (10-15μm);四、生产性粉尘对健康的影响 ;Adverse health effects of dust in workplace;Typical overload situation; 4887 men employed : 2/3 black ~3000 worked underground 500-700 died of ‘respiratory causes’ - silicosis 1500 became ill with lung disease Gauley mountain was almost pure silica sandstone ‘the dust was so thick that one could not identify anybody he met when the man was only a few feet in front of him’ ;; 尘肺肺结核并发率;五、生产性粉尘的控制和尘肺预防;五、生产性粉尘的控制和尘肺预防;环境中常见粉尘;尘 肺 （Pneumoconiosis);法定职业病中的尘肺名单： ?1.矽肺 2.煤工尘肺 3.石墨尘肺 4.碳黑尘肺 5.石棉肺 6.滑石尘肺 7.水泥尘肺 8.云母尘肺 9.陶工尘肺 10.铝尘肺 11.电焊工尘肺 12.铸工尘肺 13.根据《尘肺病诊断标准》和《尘肺病理诊断标准》可以诊断的其他尘肺;;矽肺 （silicosis） ;矽肺发病危险与累积矽尘接触量的关系;矽肺 （silicosis）;?;·;巨噬细胞吞噬 和反应刺激引起 细胞损伤和 再吞噬;矽肺 （silicosis）;石英粉尘;正常肺组织;An cellular, hyalinized center is surrounded concentrically arranged collagen fibers and a peripheral rim of dust-containing macrophages. Courtesy of Dr. Vallyathan;胸片 X-线;肿瘤;矽肺 （silicosis）;;矽肺 （silicosis）;矽肺 （silicosis）;锡矿粉尘危害评价;3.流行病学研究结果; 锡矿工人标化死亡率;锡矿接尘工人标化死亡率(SMR);;实验结果小结;;;;5. 研究结论;需要探索的领域;