Hooke’s Law：虎克定律.pptVIP

Hooke’s Law Hookes Law gives the relationship between the force applied to an unstretched spring and the amount the spring is stretched. How different materials behave Recall: How does a spring stretch when a force is applied to it? Try stretching a piece of thin copper wire and an elastic. How do they differ from the springs? What does it feel like as you pull harder and harder? Can you sketch a graph to show how the force affects the extension. Elastic and wire How does a spring behave? Aim: We shall conduct an experiment to determine how the extension of a spring varies with the stretching force. A spring is hung vertically from a fixed point and a force is applied in stages by hanging weights from the spring. Extension?=?present length?–?original length Diagram The apparatus is set up as shown. For the purposes of this experiment we shall be using loads of 100g, and the extension of the spring shall be measured in metres. Method: What is the independent variable? (range?) What is the dependent variable? ( How will this be measured accurately?) What are the control variables? Table: Graph: Plot a graph of force against extension. Conclusion: Comment on the shape of the best fit line, try to describe the pattern which appears. Have you found any simple rule for springs? What happened to the stretch when you doubled the load? And three times? Can you work out the gradient? What does this gradient mean? What happens when large loads are added to the spring? How would the plot look if you replaced the spring with a stiffer spring? weaker spring? Hooke’s Law Hookes Law is about stretching springs and wires. Hookes Law states:- the extension is proportional to the force the spring will go back to its original length when the force is removed so long as we dont exceed the elastic limit. Elastic Limit Below the elastic limit, we say that the spring is showing elastic behaviour: the extension is proportional to the force, and itll go back to its