Alcohol and Tobacco - McGraw-Hill：酒精和烟草-麦格劳山.pptVIP

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Alcohol and Tobacco - McGraw-Hill：酒精和烟草-麦格劳山.ppt

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Alcohol and Tobacco - McGraw-Hill：酒精和烟草-麦格劳山

Chapter 8 ?2008 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Alcohol and Tobacco Chapter 8 Chemistry of Alcohol Psychoactive ingredient Depressant Ethyl Alcohol – only alcohol that can be consumed Beer 3-6% alcohol by volume Malt Liquors 6-8% alcohol by volume Table wines 9-14% alcohol by volume Fermenting Fortified wines 20% alcohol by volume Sugar added Hard liquors 35-50% alcohol by volume Distilling or fermented Proof Value Two times the percentage concentration Ingestion 7 calories per gram 1 drink 14-17 grams or 100-120 calories Absorption 20% is rapidly absorbed from the stomach 75% is absorbed in the upper small intestines Remain is absorbed along the GI track Absorption Carbonation Food in the stomach slows the absorption Drink of high concentration slows absorption Eventually all the alcohol ingested will be absorbed Metabolism and Excretion Transported throughout the body via the bloodstream. Easily moves through most biological membranes Main site for metabolism is the Liver. 2-20% of ingested alcohol is not metabolized. Alcohol Intake and Blood Alcohol Concentration A measure of intoxication Body weight Percentage of body fat Difference between women men Balance of alcohol absorbed and rate of metabolism Genetic factors Drinking Behavior Can not be effected by Exercise Breathing deeply Eating Drinking coffee Taking other drugs Metabolism is the same if the person is awake or asleep The Immediate Effects of Alcohol on Health Dependant on the individual. Low Concentrations .03% -.05%. Higher Concentrations 0.1% -0.2%. Concentration of .35%. Alcohol hangover Alcohol poisoning Using Alcohol with other drugs Alcohol-related injuries and violence Alcohol and sexual decision making Drinking and Driving In 2004 250,000 were injured in alcohol related automobile crashes 42,000 people are killed in alcohol related accidents Dose-response function Driving with a BAC of 0.14% is more than 40 times more likely to be involved in a crash. Greater than 0.14% the ri