WATER SAFETY PLANING FOR PERI-URBAN SCHEMES Hellen ：水安全计划的planing为城郊倾斜.pptVIP

KEWI TRAINING: WUNDANYI, MASENO-KOMBEWA, KAJULU SIDINDI LESSONS LEARNT CONT’ Unaccounted for water is high, eg, 70-90% are common. This represents cost to which no income is forthcoming. Causes : Old and run-down infrastructure leading to excessive leakages and bursts Lack of water metering and prevalence of flat rate where consumers take more water than they actually pay for Lack of master meters or faulty master meters meaning the volume of water actually supplied/abstracted is overestimated Corruption of water supply operatives i.e. ‘turning a blind eye’ to illegal connections or even complicity in sustaining illegal connections for which no income is forthcoming to the scheme ? UNACCOUNTED FOR WATER (a) Marere Water Supply Intake (b) Leakage on the mainline, about 100metres from Marere Water Supply (c) Treated water pouring to waste at Madabara 1 Pumping Station PHYSICAL CONDITION OF INFRASTRUCTURE Design and construction quality in many cases seems to have been good, however, maintenance and further investment over the years are lacking Lack of solution tanks and dosing equipment for alum/chlorine; Filter media requiring replacement hence filters bypassed; Lack of scour valves for ground tanks; Exposed pipework including exposed PVC pipes in inappropriate areas; ie along drainage ditches; Leaking valves /lack of valve chambers Poor quality repairs to burst pipes e.g. with wrapping the pipe with a piece of rubber; Standposts/taps with poor drainage and lack of concrete platforms.  PHYSICAL CONDITION CONT....... The majority of schemes had no equipment for testing basic water quality. Jar testing equipment for determining alum dosing was absent at the vast majority. Majority used experience and ‘trial and error’. Weighing scales for measuring quantities of chemicals for dosing are also absent at the majority of schemes Knowledge of chlorine demand, the principles of chlorination and the necessity of ensuring residual chlorine to prevent re-contamination