高二英语《虚拟语气》学案.doc

虚 拟 语 气 语气的定义和种类 语气的定义：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready． Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day it is! =How fine it is today! 祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Open the door，please．请打开门。 Be careful! 小心! Dont forget to close the window． 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were you，I should study English． I wish you could go with me． May you be happy all your life! May you succeed! 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 真实条件句中的谓语用 陈 述 语气。 If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。 现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下： 时间 动词形式 从句谓语 主句谓语 与现在事实相反 动词 过 去 式 （be的过去式一般用 were ） 与过去事实相反 had 十过去分词 与将来事实 可能相反 动词过 去 式 Should 十动词原形 were to 十动词原形 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果 If I were you，I should/would/could/might tell him the truth. If he had time, he would/could/might go with you. If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果 If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt/couldnt have failed in the exam． If I had had the money last week，I should/would/could/might have bought a car. She would/could/might have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game． If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果 If it were Sunday tomorrow，I should／would／could／might go to see my grandmother． If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. If is should rain, the crops would/could/might be saved. 主、从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况 有时从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 虚拟语气的其他用法 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在“It is important/strange／natural／necessary／essential / vital that．．．”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”、“本质的”、“至关重要的”等意义。 It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rule