Bayesian Hierarchical Model for QTLsQTL的贝叶斯层次模型.pptVIP

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for QTLs Susan Simmons University of North Carolina Wilmington CollaboratorsDr. Edward BooneDr. Ann StapletonMr. Haikun Bao DNA Chromosome Genes Genetic Map Chromosome 1 of ProtozoaCryptosporidium parvum  Chromosome 1 of Homo sapiens Alleles Genetic Maps Many more maps available at Knowing information about genes now allows us to find associations between genes and outcomes (phenotypes) Some examples In 1989 a breakthrough was made for the disease of cystic fibrosis. Location (or locus) is 7q31.2 - The CFTR gene is found in region q31.2 on the long (q) arm of human chromosome 7 (single gene responsible for this disease). The disease arises when an individual has two recessive copies at this location. An individual with one dominant and one recessive is said to be a carrier of the disease. Genetic screening to determine disease. Green revolution The Green Revolution is the increase in food production stemming from the improved strains of wheat, rice, maize and other cereals in the 1960s developed by Dr Norman Borlaug in Mexico and others under the sponsorship of the Rockefeller Foundation Created new species of wheat and rice that produced higher yield. QTL Better medical treatments and increased agriculture are only two examples in which identifying the location on the genome can have an impact. Identifying the region on the genome (or on the chromosome) responsible for a quantitative trait (as opposed to qualitative as disease) is known as Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL). Existing software Zhao-Bang Zeng’s group at NC State has QTL Cartographer Karl Broman (John Hopkins) has an R program that performs a number of algorithms for QTLs To use these algorithms (and a number of other published algorithms) only one observation per genotype can be used World of plants Why plants? Increase yield to feed our increasing population Make plants resistant to UV-B exposure Plants, continued Control Design and Environment Reproduction Desig