Beam Therapy Equipment射束治疗设备.pptVIP

Beam Therapy Equipment 2 Linear Accelerator Head Photon / Electron differences Target Flattening filter Any jaw size MLCs Shaping blocks Intensity modulation e.g. wedges No target Scattering foils Jaw size dependent on energy and applicator e- applicator End-frame No intensity modulation Changes to accelerator when using electrons - automatic Photon target is moved out of the way. Carousel is moved to position scattering foil for particular electron energy in place of photon flattening filter. Gun volts on electron gun are reduced to decrease the number of electrons passing through wave guide. Frequency of rf adjusted to give optimum acceleration of electrons Bending magnet voltages adjusted to finely tune electron energies leaving bending magnet Changes to accelerator when using electrons – manual Jaws moved to pre-defined position – dependent on applicator size and electron energy. Optimised for flat field (wide scattering) Electron applicator attached to head Electron insert fitted into end of applicator – defines final field size Scattering foils Scattering foils chosen for wide scattering angle (flat field), energy loss (none) and bremsstrahlung production (none) Usually made of copper Not necessarily of uniform thickness Higher electron energies may use two foils Electron field shaping Electrons are scattered by air between scattering foils and patient, therefore final shaping needs to be done as close to patient as possible Shaping done by: Secondary collimators – coarse Electron trimmers – scrape scattered electrons Electron insert – fine field shape Applicators Applicator consists of progressively smaller scrapers Electrons scattered by foil have a Gaussian distribution, electrons scattered by scrapers are used to flatten the beam Scrapers should be made of low Z material (Aluminium) to limit X-ray production Safety Devices The scattering foil, secondary collimator settings, bending magnet voltages are checked for consistency with energy / applicator s