无损检测缺陷分析.pptxVIP

2.1 Concept and classification of process defects 2.1.1 Concept of process defects （1） What are the process defects？ 在材料加工成型过程中，经常会出现 某种或某些不合乎质量要求的appearance defect, property defect and organization defect和更为严重的internal geometric defect（如cracks、 pores、inclusions等）。我们把这些“metallurgical factors 、 structural factors and technological factors”导致的产品质量不符合相关参考标准的各类缺陷统称为工艺缺陷。 （2）Dialectical analysis of process defects ①The absoluteness of defect generation——In actual production, the acquirement of the products without any defects is quite difficult； It is not economical or even impossible to make the products produced in batches without any defects. ② The relativity of defect evaluation standards——The relativity of waste standards. As for the same of various parts, the quality requirements are different due to the different working conditions. Therefore, the waste standards are also different. ③ Formulation principle of waste standards： Generally speaking, the higher the product quality level is, the greater the risk after failure will be, and the control of defects should be more strict. Therefore, It is necessary to pay attention to the implementation and reference to the relevant standards, which is also called the principle of fitness for purpose. ④ Repair of process defects： Minor defect that do not affect the application can be tolerated. Serious defect that do not meet the requirements must be treated. Some defects can be repaired in time, and some defects may not be repaired which must be sentenced to waste. Examples 比如： Excessive reinforcement，属于焊缝形状不良，严重时可以Grinding；必要时grinded the reinforcement smooth。 再如：sand inclusion on the surface of casting，可以通过repair welding来修复。 特别指出，考虑到焊接接头组织和性能的恶化，某些产品的welding repair不允许超过2次！所以，应该注意formulate a rigorous repair process ，否则就会造成Economic loss！ 2.1.2 Classification of process defects 工艺缺陷种类繁多，产生原因也相当复杂。为了便于分析和处理工艺缺陷、制定检验工艺、方便技术交流，有必要对其进行分类。 (1)按technical conn