氮磷钾平衡施肥对水稻产量和植株性状影响.docVIP

氮磷钾平衡施肥对水稻产量和植株性状影响 　　摘要 通过田间试验，研究了氮、磷、钾肥料施用量对水稻产量及植株性状的影响，结果表明，氮、磷、钾肥施用均可提高水稻产量，氮肥是增产的主要因子，远高于磷、钾肥增产效果。产量（y）与施氮量（x1）、施磷量（x2）、施钾量（x3）呈抛物线关系，其回归方程分别为：y= -0.021 9x12+18.255x1+5 063.8；y=-0.135 3x22+29.049x2+7 159.4；y=-0.033 7x32+15.238x3+7 057.2。不同肥料因子对水稻产量构成影响不一，氮肥促进有效穗数、穗粒数增加，而降低千粒重；磷肥促进有效穗数、千粒重增加，而对穗粒数影响不大；钾肥促进穗粒数、千粒重增加，而对有效穗数影响不大。氮、磷、钾肥对水稻形态影响不一，3种肥料因子均能增加叶面积，但氮肥增加幅度显著高于磷肥和钾肥；氮肥增加株高和穗长显著，而磷钾肥效果不显著。 　　关键词 水稻；氮磷钾；平衡施肥；产量；植株性状 　　中图分类号 S511；S147.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2014）01-0023-03 　　Effect of NPK Balanced Fertilization on Yield and Plant Traits of Rice 　　ZHU Cai-yun 1 ZHANG Wei 2 YAN Pei-min 2 　　（1 Station of Soil and Fertilization Technology Guidance of Jintan City in Jiangsu Province，Jintan Jiangsu 213200； 2 Rural Energy Office in Jintan City） 　　Abstract Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of application of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on rice yields and plant traits.The results showed that，the application of all nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase rice production，and nitrogen was the key factor to raise rice output，much higher than phosphate and potassium factors.The relationship between rice yields（y）and nitrogen（x1），phosphorus（x2） and potassium（x3） were y=-0.021 9x12+18.255x1+5 063.8，y=-0.135 3x22+29.049x2+7 159.4；y=-0.033 7x32+15.238x3+7 057.2，respectively.Different fertilizer factors had different function on rice yield components，nitrogen factor increased available panicles and ear seeds quantity，and reduced grain weight，phosphorus factor increased available panicles and grain weight，but had less function on ear seeds quantity，potassium factor increased ear seeds quantity and grain weight，but had less function on available panicles.Also，nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium impacted the external shape of rice，although they could increase rice leaf area，nitrogen factor had higher rate than phosphate and potash.Nitrogen factor significantly increased plant height and ear length，while phosphate and po