ACIDBASE BALANCE - Peoplevcuedu：酸碱平衡peoplevcuedu.ppt

ACID/BASE BALANCE D. C. Mikulecky ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS CAN BE PROTON DONORS OR ACCEPTORS PROTON DONORS ARE ACIDS PROTON ACCEPTORS ARE BASES ACIDS AND BASES REACT TO NEUTRALIZE EACH OTHER FORMING SALTS ACID/BASE REACTIONS ACID/BASE BALANCE AND THE BLOOD CHEMICAL BUFFER SYSTEMS CHEMICAL BUFFER SYSTEMS Weak acid/salt systems act as a “sponge” for protons As acidity tends to increase they take protons up As acidity tends to decrease they release protons CHEMICAL BUFFER SYSTEMS Carbonic acid/Bicarbonate: Primary buffer against non-carbonic acid changes Proteins: Primary ICF buffer, also ECF Hemoglobin: Primary buffer against carbonic acid changes Phosphate: Urinary buffer, also ICF ROLE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN ACID/BASE BALANCE Alterations in ventilation alter the rate of excretion of carbon dioxide Alterations in the rate of carbon dioxide excretion cause alterations in pH through carbonic acid This way the respiratory system can help control non-respiratory acidosis and alkalosis Sources of acidosis Metabolic: Severe diarrhea, Diabetes mellitus, strenuous exercise, uremia Respiratory: hypoventilation Sources of alkalosis Metabolic: Vomiting, ingestion of alkaline drugs Respiratory: hyperventilation Renal regulation of blood acidity Proton excretion Bicarbonate excretion Ammonia secretion * * HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O ACID + BASE SALT + WATER Acidic Alkaline (Basic) [OH -] [H+] Neutral pH 0 14 7 Acidosis Alkalosis Normal 7.35-7.45 Venous Blood Arterial Blood 6.8 8.0 7.4 H2CO3 HCO3- H+ Na+ Cl- Add HCl Na+ Cl- H+ Cl- Unbuffered Salt Solution All protons are free H2CO3: HCO3- Buffer Add HCl H2CO3 HCO3- + H+ Protons taken up as Carbonic Acid