中华医学会(细菌耐药与对策).pptVIP

政府部门 建立全国耐药细菌监测体系，建立公共卫生和医疗机构之间信息交换体系，及时发布耐药菌信息和说明。 强化公共卫生机构快速监测和控制感染性疾病发生的能力；完善监测耐药菌监测实验室和和流行病调查的设备；建立培训计划，培养专业人才。 设立研究基金，用于研究新型疫苗和抗生素。 设立研究基金用于研究细菌致病和耐药机理。 监测抗生素在食用肉食动物饲养中使用的情况。 ? ? ? ? ? 国家食品药品监督管理局规定，从2004年7月1日起，各种处方类抗菌药物必须持执业医师处方才能购买 ? 研究机构 继续研制新型抗生素。 研发新的疫苗。 制药公司 在药品说明书上注明有关细菌耐药的原因。 继续开发新的疫苗和抗生素。 ? ? ? ? 农业 减少抗生素在动物饲料和食品中的应用。 世界卫生组织 制定全球行的策略，加强耐药细菌的监测，加强发展中国家卫生设施（污水处理、饮水净化等）建设。 ? ? the World Health Organization called for a ban on using antibiotics to promote growth in animal agriculture. the European Union banned adding human-use antibiotics to animal feed. The United States has no such policy. 调控MRSA耐药基因表达的信号通路 ?-内酰胺酶 ?-内酰胺酶 PBP2a MecR1 RNA BlaR1 RNA MecR1 BlaR1 MecI 反义药物 反义药物 BlaI Antisense antibiotic FIG.. 1. Effects of anti-MecR1 PS-ODN on growth of WHO-2. Cells were treated with either PS-ODNs or mismatched PS-ODN and the diluted WHO-2 was inoculated on solid agar that contained 6 ?g/ml of oxaccilin. The number of CFU was calculated from the number of colonies growing on plates. (A) Photograph of original culture plates. The a and b represented the control strain and mismatch PS-ODN treated strain; the c, d, e indicated 5, 10, 15 ?g/ml PS-ODN treated strains respectively. (B) CFU Inhibitions of WHO-2. The C was control group, the M was mismatch PS-ODN group, and 5, 10 and 15 standed for ?g/ml of PS-ODN in different groups. The data were expressed as mean ? SD, n = 10, *P 0.05, **P 0.05, ***P 0.01 vs control. FIG. 2. Growth rate in liquid culture of MRSA strain WHO-2. Bacteria were treated with either anti-MecR1 PS-ODNs or mismatched PS-ODN and then cells were cultured in liquid medium that contained 16 ?g/ml of oxacillin. Absorbance (A600) is a linear measure of cell growth. The data were expressed as mean ? SD, n = 10. Fig. 3. Semi-quantification of MecR1 mRNA after treatment with antisense PS-ODN (15 ?g/ml) in MRSA strain WHO-2. After 2 hour incubation with PS-ODN,