分子生物学（双语）6 Genome Sequences and Gene Numbers.pptVIP

Chapter 6Genome Sequences and Gene Numbers 6.1 Introduction FIGURE 01: The minimum gene number required for any type of organism increases with its complexity Photo of intracellular bacterium courtesy of Gregory P. Henderson and Grant J. Jensen, California Institute of Technology Photo of free-living bacterium courtesy of Karl O. Stetter, Universit?t Regensburg Photo of unicellular eukaryote courtesy of Eishi Noguchi, Drexel University College of Medicine Photo of multicellular eukaryote courtesy of Carolyn B. Marks and David H. Hall, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY FIGURE 01: The minimum gene number required for any type of organism increases with its complexity 6.1 Introduction Photo of higher plant courtesy of Keith Weller/USDA Photo of mammal ? Photodisc 6.2 Prokaryotic Gene Numbers Range Over an Order of Magnitude The minimum number of genes for a parasitic prokaryote is about 500; for a free-living nonparasitic prokaryote it is about 1500. FIGURE 02: Genome sizes and gene numbers are known from complete sequences for several organisms FIGURE 03: The number of genes in bacterial and archaeal genomes is proportional to genome size 6.2 Prokaryotic Gene Numbers Range Over an Order of Magnitude pathogenicity islands – DNA segments that are present in pathogenic bacterial genomes but absent in their nonpathogenic relatives. horizontal transfer – The transfer of DNA from one cell to another by a process other than cell division, such as bacterial conjugation. 6.3 Total Gene Number Is Known for Several Eukaryotes There are 6000 genes in yeast; 18,500 in a worm; 13,600 in a fly; 25,000 in the small plant Arabidopsis; and probably 20,000 to 25,000 in mice and humans. FIGURE 04: The number of genes in a eukaryote varies from 6000 to 40,000 but does not correlate with the genome size or the complexity of the organism FIGURE 05: The S. cerevisiae genome of 13.5 Mb has 6000 genes, almost all uninterrupted 6.3 Total Gene Number Is Known for Se