Blood Pressure - An-Najah National University血压-纳贾赫国立大学.pptVIP

Arterial blood pressure is a measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries. The systolic pressure is the pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of the ventricles. Diastolic pressure: is the pressure when the ventricles are at rest. Diastolic pressure: is the lower pressure present at all times within the arteries. Pulse pressure: the differences between the two called the Pumping action of the heart: when it is weak, less blood is pumped into arteries lower cardiac output, and the blood pressure decreases. Peripheral vascular resistance: can increase blood pressure especially the diastolic pressure. Some factors that create resistance in the arterial system are the capacity of the arterioles and the capillaries, the compliance of the arteries, and the viscosity of the blood Blood volume; when the blood volume decreases as a result of hemorrhage, the blood pressure decreases because of the decreased fluid in the arteries. Blood viscosity; blood pressure is higher when the blood is highly viscous thick that is, when the proportion of RBC to the blood plasma is high. Age; the pressure rises with age, reaching a peak at the onset of puberty, and then tend to decline. Exercise; physical activity increases the cardiac output and hence in blood pressure; thus 20-30 minutes of rest following exercise is indicated before the resting blood pressure can reliably assessed. Stress; stimulation of the nervous system increases cardiac output and vasoconstriction of the arterioles, however severe pain can decrease blood pressure greatly by inhibiting the vasomotor center and provide vasodilatation Race (African American males over 35 years have higher BP than European American males) Gender; after puberty, female usually have lower blood pressure than males at the same age. After menopause the female has higher blood pressure than males Medications Obesity; predispose to high blood pressure Diurnal variations; pre