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The Mouth and Salivary Glands By Prof. Dr. Aliaa Aly El Aghoury Professor of Internal Medicine Endocrinology Unit Faculty of Medicine, Alex. University The Mouth and Salivary Glands The oral cavity extends from the lips to the pharynx contains the tongue, teeth and gums. Its primary functions are mastication, swallowing and speech. Problems in the mouth can produce severe symptoms and poor dental hygiene is often a factor. N.B. Stomatitis is inflammation in the mouth. Angular stomatitis: is inflammation of the corners of the mouth. The Mouth and Salivary Glands Aphthous ulceration Are superficial and painful, they occur in any part of the mouth, recurrent ulcers affect up to 30% of the population and are particularly common in women prior to menstruation. The Mouth and Salivary Glands The cause is unknown but in severe cases other causes of oral ulceration must be considered. The Mouth and Salivary Glands Causes of Oral Ulceration Aphthous Premenstrual Idiopathic Infection Bacterial, e.g. Vincents angina, syphilis Fungal, e.g. candidiasis Viral, e.g. herpes simplex Gastrointestinal diseases Coeliac disease Crohns disease Dermatological conditions Pemphigus Lichen planus Pemphigoid Drugs Cytotoxics Hypersensitivity, e.g. Stevens-Johnson syndrome Systemic diseases Behcet syndrome Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Neoplasia Kaposis sarcoma Carcinoma Leukemia The Mouth and Salivary Glands Topical corticosteroids or choline salicylate gel. Local anaesthetic mouth washes for symptoms relief. Treatment The Mouth and Salivary Glands Squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity is common. The mortality rate is around50% as a result of late diagnosis. Poor diet, alcohol excess and smoking or tobacco chewing are the main risk factors. Oral cancer The Mouth and Salivary Glands Clinical picture Symptoms and Signs of Oral Cancer Solitary ulcer without precipitant, e.g. local trauma Solitary white patch (leukoplakia) which fails to wipe off Solitary red patch Fixed lump Lip numbn