Pedestrian Safety Enforcement行人安全执法.pptVIP

Pedestrian Safety Enforcement:The Maryland Experience George Branyan Pedestrian Special Programs Coordinator SHA-MHSO Maryland Pedestrian Crash Data (5-year average, 1999-2003) 109 fatalities (119 in 2003) 17% of total traffic fatalities MD ranks 13th for fatalities in the US (per population) 2887 injuries 84% of all crashes and 73% of fatal crashes occur in the 5 most populous jurisdictions 6% of crashes involve the elderly, but they account for 16% of all fatal crashes Maryland Pedestrian Crash Data (5-year average, 1999-2003) 53% of all crashes and 70% of fatal crashes occur from 4 pm to 4 am 28% of fatalities involve alcohol on the part of the pedestrian and 8% on the part of the driver, but… 57% of fatalities occur on US/State Roads 55% of all crashes and 72% of fatalities occur not in a crosswalk 39% of all crashes and 54% of fatalities occur not at an intersection At Fault Pedestrian, Cyclist, and Driver Crash Data Real-World Pedestrian Problems Pedestrians cross where they cross for a REASON Pedestrians often cross mid-block because intersections seem threatening Challenging Suburban Environments What Works in Pedestrian Safety Enforcement? The Crosswalk must have meaning for both drivers and pedestrians. Target the DRIVER as well as the pedestrian. Seattle PD gave 500,000 jaywalking tickets and found few safety gains, but dramatic public resentment. Success achieved when strategy changed to focus on driver as well as pedestrian behavior and roadway/crosswalk design. Pedestrian Enforcement Issues Peer Pressure – “Ped violations aren’t real crimes, it’s not real police work.” Social Pressure – Questions from the public, “Why aren’t you out catching robbers and murderers?” Police Administration – “My Chief (Lt. , Sgt., etc.) doesn’t want me to do it.” Courts – “My calendar is crammed and you bring me this petty matter?” Fines – Fines may be too high or too low. May require a “must appear.” Importance of the third “E” Enforcement The Need for Police Enforcem