Theory of evolution - Canyon Crest Academy Library Media Center进化论-峡谷顶学校图书馆媒体中心.pptVIP

Theory of evolution Many ideas were out there to explain how species change over time but the first published was Charles Darwin in the H.M.S. Beagle traveled the world for 5 years and made observations of living and fossilized plants and animals. Started to notice relationships among species Most significant stop- the Galapagos Found many unique species similar but different then those of the mainland. IDEA CAN SPECIES CHANGE OVER TIME? Now that an idea was formed DARWIN had to collect evidence For two decades Darwin worked and experimented and read and borrowed from Thomas Malthus. Malthus idea was that human population grows faster than food supply Darwin idea was that individuals struggle to compete in changing environmental conditions. Which individuals survive? Natural selection Mechanism for change in populations. In Nature organisms produce more offspring than can survive Due to independent assortment in any population individuals have variations Individual with useful variations will survive Over time offspring with certain variations make up most of the population and may look nothing like their ancestors In Indonesia Alfred Russell Wallace reached a similar conclusion but Darwin was the first to publish. Interpreting evidence after Darwin Much data has been gathered but as Humans have only been here a short time and what happened before us is subject to interpretation. Evidence for Evolution Adaptation is variation that aids an organism’s chance of survival in its environment. Structural adaptations Mimicry Camouflage Physiological adaptations Fossils Anatomy Homologous structure - Analogous structure Vestigial structure Embryology- viruses Biochemistry- Modern approach Mechanisms of Evolution What was missing from Darwins theory? Genes Who evolves Populations or individuals? Natural selection acts on the range of phenotypes Evolution occurs as a population genes and their frequencies change over time Gene pool