Chapter 4 Random Variables and Probability Distributions_3294：4章随机变量和概率distributions.pptVIP

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Chapter 4 Random Variables and Probability Distributions_3294：4章随机变量和概率distributions.ppt

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Chapter 4 Random Variables and Probability Distributions_3294：4章随机变量和概率distributions

EXAMPLE 4.1VALUES OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE—Wine Ratings Problem A panel of 10 experts for the Wine Spectator (a national publication) is asked to taste a new white wine and assign it a rating of 0, 1, 2, or 3.A score is then obtained by adding together the ratings of the 10 experts. How many values can this random variable assume? Solution A sample point is a sequence of 10 numbers associated with the rating of each expert. For example, one sample point is The random variable assigns a score to each one of these sample points by adding the 10 numbers together. Thus, the smallest score is 0 (if all 10 ratings are 0), and the largest score is 30 (if all 10 ratings are 3). Since every integer between 0 and 30 is a possible score, the random variable denoted by the symbol x can assume 31 values. Note that the value of the random variable for the sample point shown here is X=8. EXAMPLE 4.2VALUES OF A DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE—EPA Application Problem Suppose the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) takes readings once a month on the amount of pesticide in the discharge water of a chemical company. If the amount of pesticide exceeds the maximum level set by the EPA, the company is forced to take corrective action and may be subject to penalty. Consider the random variable number x of months before the company’s discharge exceeds the EPA’s maximum level. What values can x assume? Solution The company’s discharge of pesticide may exceed the maximum allowable level on the first month of testing, the second month of testing, etc. It is possible that the company’s discharge will never exceed the maximum level. Thus, the set of possible values for the number of months until the level is first exceeded is the set of all positive integers 1,2,3,4,…… If we can list the values of a random variable x, even though the list is never ending, we call the list countable and the corresponding random variable discrete. Thus, the number of months until the company’s discharge fir