初中语法——现在完成时与过去完成时专题.docVIP

现在完成时和过去完成时 （1）现在完成时： 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：（时间标志词） these days,recently, lately,in/during the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, in the past (last) few days,so far ,once, twice ,for＋时间段，since＋过去的时间点，since＋—般过去时的从句等。 3.基本结构： have/has + done 4.否定形式： have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句： 把have或has放于句首。 6.反义疑问句： 直接用has /have 进行反问 7.现在完成时的用法 ： ①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如： —Have you had your lunch yet？你吃过午饭了吗？ —Yes，I have.Ive just had it.是的，我刚吃过。(现在不饿了) I have closed the door. (门现在是关的) ②表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，可能还要持续下去，常与for或since连用。表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如： He has lived here since l999.自从1999年以来，他就住在这儿。 I have learnt English for ten years.我学习英语有10年了。 We have lived here for two years. (过去住到现在) 8. 难点： （1）现在完成时可和疑问词where, why, how 连用，但不能和when连用.故现在完成时 对时间的提问不用when，只用how long。 Where have you been? Why have you turned off the radio? When have you come back? (×) He has been in China for 4 years. (提问) When(×) / How long(() has he been in China? （2）have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别 have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地，现人已返回。(once ,twice ….) have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地，人还未返回。(where is sb ?) have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。（for…../ since …..） I have been to Beijing twice. –Where is Tom? –He has gone to HK. Lucy has been in this school for two years. （3)短暂性动词和持续性动词的现在完成时 若后面没有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，短暂性和持续性动词都可用于现在完成时。如：I have bought(短暂) a new computer. (() He has already lived (持续) in the small village. (() B. 若后面有时间状语“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”时，要用持续性动词或短暂性动词的否定。如： They have stayed (持续) in the village for 10 years. I have taught(持续) English at this school since 5 years ago. You haven’t received (短暂)her letter for 2 weeks. We haven’t left (短暂)China since 20 years ago. 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. C. 短暂性动词的肯定不能与“for + 时间段，since + 时间点”连用，若要和他们连