Optical Media - Harvard Library Portal光学媒体-哈佛图书馆门户.pptVIP

Please Contact Us Weissman Preservation Center 617-495-8596 Jane Hedberg jane_hedberg@ Elizabeth Walters elizabeth_walters@ Liz Coffey coffey@ * * Optical Media Signal is written to and read from a rotating disc by means of a focused laser beam Formats include Laserdiscs (introduced in 1978), CDs (1982), pre-recorded MiniDiscs (1992), and DVDs (1995) Optical Media — CDs and DVDs Numerous format variants: CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, Blu-Ray DVD, and many more Standard size is 12cm (4.75”) in diameter and 1.2mm thick, but structurally there is wide variation Complex laminate structures vulnerable to damage from light, temperature, humidity, and poor handling Recordable media (e.g., CD-Rs and DVD-Rs) are the variants most likely to be found in Special Collections, and are also the most vulnerable Optical Media — Structure All optical discs have: Substrate (base layer) Polycarbonate (hygroscopic) Metal reflective layer aluminum, silver, silver alloy, or gold Data layer Molded, photosensitive dye, or phase-changing metal alloy Some discs have: Protective lacquer coating on top and sides (CDs) Adhesive layer (DVDs) Label or printable surface ALL of these components are vulnerable to multiple types of damage and deterioration Three Types of CDs and DVDs Read-Only/Replicated (ROM discs) Data layer is molded into the base layer surface Recordable/Write-Once (R discs) Data layer is a photosensitive organic dye (phthalocyanine, cyanine, or azo) Rewritable/Erasable (RW discs) Data layer is a phase-changing metal alloy film Disc Structure: CD vs. DVD Damage and Deterioration (1) Oxidation or corrosion of metal reflective layer Causes: incursion of oxygen or moisture via scratches or other surface damage Diminishes reflectivity, making disc unreadable Appears as pin holes when disc is held up to the light and/or brownish discoloration Dye fading Causes: exposure to light and/or heat,