小学英语基础知识复习总结全套.docx

{ ?第一部分?}基础知识1.字母：26个字母的大小写ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz2.音标：48个音标3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词4.句子：大小写，标点符号{ ?第二部分 ?}语法知识一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格(一)名词单复数1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5.不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea(二)名词的格(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoesl并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’sTom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如:a picture of the classroom a map of China二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：(1)不定冠词：a / an元音开头的可数名词前用an :an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /(2)定冠词：the定冠词的用法：(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.(4)在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.(5)用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening不用冠词的情况：(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.(2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.(6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.(7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus三、代词、形容词、副词代词