Statitical Process Control课件.pptVIP

Chapter 1 Statistical Process Control Statistical Process Control (SPC) A methodology for monitoring a process to identify special causes of variation and signal the need to take corrective action when appropriate SPC relies on control charts Control Chart Applications Establish state of statistical control Monitor a process and signal when it goes out of control Determine process capability Capability Versus Control Commonly Used Control Charts Variables data x-bar and R-charts x-bar and s-charts Charts for individuals (x-charts) Attribute data For “defectives” (p-chart, np-chart) For “defects” (c-chart, u-chart) Developing Control Charts Prepare Choose measurement Determine how to collect data, sample size, and frequency of sampling Set up an initial control chart Collect Data Record data Calculate appropriate statistics Plot statistics on chart Next Steps Determine trial control limits Center line (process average) Compute UCL, LCL Analyze and interpret results Determine if in control Eliminate out-of-control points Recompute control limits as necessary Typical Out-of-Control Patterns Point outside control limits Sudden shift in process average Cycles Trends Hugging the center line Hugging the control limits Instability Shift in Process Average Identifying Potential Shifts Cycles Trend Final Steps Use as a problem-solving tool Continue to collect and plot data Take corrective action when necessary Compute process capability surement system * *THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, ? 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM * *THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF QUALITY, 5e, ? 2002 South-Western/Thomson LearningTM Common Causes Special Causes Histograms do not take into account changes over time. Control charts can tell us when a process changes Control Capability Capable Not Capable In Control Out of Control IDEAL * * * * * The Management and Control of Quality