先秦火政考分析.pdf

内容提要 本文关注的是一个综合性的研究课题 触及火的控制和管理 消 弭火灾 人类支配的第一种自然力 三者从不同角度揭示了先秦火 政已初步形成这一历史命题 人类虽然以保存火种的方法拥有了火 但是距离真正控制火的路 程还很漫长 直到人工取火的发明 为了加强对火的管理 先秦时 期设有火官 定期发布行火 禁火 改火命令 在民神杂糅的文化 环境下 火官还兼有祭司的身份 负责 敬天授时 火灾带给人类的不仅是灾难 还有思考 这种思考带动了人们对 人与自然 星相 鬼怪的探索 由于火灾关乎人们的生命财产和社 会稳定 各国政府对消防工作非常认真和重视 并在实践中形成了 一整套救灾措施 祭祀之风盛行的先秦时代 人们通过祭祀火神来 祈求平安 先秦时期 火在生活生产中都扮演着重要角色 各种照明方法极 大方便了人们的生活 它还以生产力的身份促进原始农业的发展 并为早期手工业的起步做出了突出贡献 基于此 在人们的思想观 念中形成了广泛的火崇拜 1 Abstract This thesis pays close attention to an all-around issue, which relates to the fire controls and management, putting an end to fire, and the od dominated by man. They show that the fire policy has been come into being in Pre-qin Era 先秦时代 . Though man held fire by saving tinder the tenor of controlling fire was very far till the invention of taking kindling material. The officer of fire was instated for managing fire in Pre-qin, and they shouldered sacerdotal responsibility because the era was full of the deity religion. The officer of fire declared the time of burning the grass on waste land, prohibiting fire, and lighting new fire. Fire brought not only calamity but also making people ponderation to quest for the man and nature, astrology, and ghosts. In the Spring and Autumn period, the government of every state attached importance to fire fighting because fire had threatened the safe in life, property and state stabilization. They summarized a complete set of the fire protection measure. People impetrated safety by sacrificing fire-fiend in the period of prevailing sacrifice. Fire played important role in life and production in Pre-qin Era. All kinds of lighting ways were convenie