择偶标准50变迁及其原因.docVIP

择偶标准：50年变迁及其原因分析 徐安琪 内容摘要：本文以上海、哈尔滨两城市3000多个已婚男女的样本资料证实，健康和老实可靠始终是各年代最重要的择偶标准，表明人们对婚姻的基本要求仍以稳定、长久为主导。由于非正常年代贬损物质需求、压抑人性欲望的影响，学历、职业、收入、住房等社会经济条件和容貌、身材等生理条件，在以往几十年的入选率甚低，只是在80年代后才倍受重视。择偶取向回归模型的分析结果未支持以往文献“年长者和职业层次较低者在择偶时更关注对方的经济条件”以及“青年人择偶时的经济考虑减少但更看重可以转化为物质的潜能”的假设，对已婚者目前的择偶标准与当初理想择偶取向的比较研究也显示经济考虑有所强化。作者认为 “生存环境越接近现代化，人们越看重浪漫爱情”是超越国界的总趋势，但这并非意味着择偶标准的经济取向与感情取向的相互对立。 Using the data from a survey conducted in Shanghai and Harbin Cities, the present article employs regression model to identify the most important mate-selection preferences. The findings show that health and loyalty have been the most significant standards for young Chinese to choose their potential spouses during the past several decades, indicating that Chinese people still value the stability and long-lasting of marriage. However, since late 1980s’, people began to pay more attention to socioeconomic and physical conditions, including educational and occupational background, income and housing conditions, as well as outward appearance, which had been not seriously considered before. The results did not find any evidence to support the previous studies which hypothesized that people who are over marriageable age and have a lower occupational status generally gave more consideration to economic features of the potential mates and that young people paid more attention not to recent economic status but to the potentials which could be transformed into material gains in the future. The author believes that the more modernization of our living environment, the more attention given to romantic love. Although this is a no cultural boundary trend, it does not mean that there exists a contradiction between the economic and emotional considerations when we are in the process of male-selection. 择偶标准也就是男女选择结婚对象的条件或要求。在以往社会，婚姻并非是个人的私事，选择谁与自己终生相伴，也不完全取决于当事人的喜好和意志，而更多地受家庭制度、社会价值和和风俗习惯的制约。择偶也因此成为家庭社会学倍受重视的研究课题。 从西方的经典文献看，被更多地引用和为实证研究所支持的择偶理论，并非是弗洛伊德的“心理分析”理论或温奇的 “需求互补”理论，而是“同类匹配”、“资源交换”和“择偶梯度”理论。 “同类匹配”即人们总是倾向于选择与自己的年龄、居