Light, Photon Energies, and Atomic Spectra光，光子的能量，与原子光谱.pptVIP

Light, Photon Energies, and Atomic Spectra Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation (radiant energy) is characterized by its: wavelength (color): λ (Greek letter lambda) frequency (energy): ν (Greek letter nu) Electromagnetic Radiation They are related by the equation: where c = 3.00 x 108 m/s (the speed of light in a vacuum) Waves Wavelength = distance between successive “crests” Frequency = the # of crests passing a given point per second Example: The frequency of violet light is 7.31 x 1014 Hz, and that of red light is 4.57 x 1014 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of each color. 1 Hz = sec-1 or 1/sec Violet: Example: The frequency of violet light is 7.31 x 1014 Hz, and that of red light is 4.57 x 1014 Hz. Calculate the wavelength of each color. 1 Hz = sec-1 or 1/sec Red: Light When sunlight or white light is passed through a prism, it gives the continuous spectrum observed in a rainbow. We can describe light as composed of particles, or PHOTONS. Each photon of light has a particular amount of energy (a quantum). The amt. of energy possessed by a photon depends on the color of the light. Photon Energy The energy of a photon is given by this equation: where h = 6.6262 x 10-34 J?s ν = frequency (Hz) Example: Calculate the energy, in joules, of an individual photon of violet and red light. Violet: Example: Calculate the energy, in joules, of an individual photon of violet and red light. Red: What does this have to do with electron arrangement in atoms? When all electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels, an atom is said to be in its GROUND STATE. When an atom absorbs energy so that its electrons are “boosted” to higher energy levels, the atom is said to be in an EXCITED STATE. Bright Line Emission Spectrum The light emitted by an element when its electrons return to a lower energy state can be viewed as a bright line emission spectrum. Absorption Spectrum The light absorbed by an element