Kinetic and Potential Energy动能与势能.ppt

Kinetic and Potential Energy Energy and Work are closely related Work is a transfer of Energy SI unit for work is Joules (J) Energy is the capacity to do Work We recognize it by the changes it causes We use energy to carry a backpack upstairs. (work) Kinds of Energy 1. Potential Energy(PE) the energy that an object has because of its position, shape or condition. Potential Energy of Position PE depends on an objects mass, height, and the acceleration due to gravity. PE= mgh Kinds of Potential Energy Potential Energy of Position (Gravitational PE) Figure 11, page 392: the apple has potential energy that results from the gravitational attraction between the apple and earth Kinds of Potential Energy Elastic Potential Energy The PE of an object that is stretched or compressed Ex- stretching a rubber band or bouncing a basketball Ex. calculations- page 393 Units for PE: Joules (J) A joule is a kg-m2 / s2 Calculations with PE= mgh Practice Problems Calculate the gravitational potential energy in the following systems: A car with a mass of 120 kg at the top of a 42 m hill A 65 kg climber on top of Mt Everest (8800 m high) A 0.52 kg bird flying at an altitude of 550 m A car with a mass of 120 kg at the top of a 42 m hill ? PE=mgh=(120kg)(9.8m/s2)(42m)=4.9x104J a 65 kg climber on top of Mount Everest (8800m high) PE=(65kg)(9.8m/s2)(8800m)=5.6x106J a 0.52kg bird flying at an altitude of 550m PE=(0.52kg)(9.8m/s2)(550m)=2.8x103J Another Problem A science student holds a 55g egg out a window. Just before the student releases the egg, the egg has 8.0 J of gravitational potential energy with respect to the ground. How far is the student’s arm from the ground (in meters)? Answer h= PE/mg = 8.0J/(0.055kg)(9.8m/s2)=15m Another Problem A diver has 3400J of gravitational potential energy after stepping up onto a diving platform that is 6.0m above the water. What is the diver’s mass in kilograms? Answer m=PE/gh=(3400J)/(9.8m/s2)(6.0m)