PowerPoint Presentation - Preference and Motivation Testing as PowerPoint演示文稿的偏好与动机的测试.ppt

Preference and Motivation Testing as They Relate to Animal Welfare Camie Heleski Seems like the ideal way to let the animal “tell” us which management scenario they prefer But, does the animal truly choose the option that maximizes long term fitness (e.g. does child given choice of balanced meal vs. candy bar make the “good” choice?) Preference tests tests that require animals to choose between two or more different options or environments e.g. hens given options of different types of cages hens given option of dust bath or no dust bath horses given option of treadmill exercise or stall Preference tests Used since early 1970’s (though anecdotally much longer than that) Have been used to establish animal preferences for: housing options (temperature, illumination, preferred bedding), loading ramps, nest boxes, etc. Motivation tests How hard will an animal work to gain access to its preferred option How hard will an animal work to avoid its less favored option Animals’ preferences may vary with time of day, age experience of animal Tests sometimes confuse familiarity with preference Animals may not be capable of distinguishing short term benefits of small magnitude from long term benefits of large magnitude To use preference testing to answer questions about animal welfare... 1. We must ensure that experiments adequately reflect the animals’ preferences 2. We must establish how strongly motivated the animal is 3. We must consider that preferences will not always correlate with enhanced welfare. Fundamental to the premise of using preference testing to evaluate animal welfare is the assumption that animals make choices that are in their best interests. Brambell Committee, 1965 First proposed “asking” the animals’ opinions about their environmental preferences 1973 - hens and flooring options offered various pairwise choices slightly preferred traditional chicken wire Problem of familiarity Dawkins (1977, 1980, 1981) reported that hens that had lived in battery c