第九讲 情态动词.ppt

1.can (could),be able to  can只有现在式和过去式could两种形式， be able to可用于现在式、过去式、将来时、完成时。要表示“能够做某事”，可用can或be able to，但若要说过去的确运用了某种能力做成了某件事情，就只能用was/were able to，表将来具备的能力只能用will/shall be able to。 (1)If you study hard,you will be able to express freely in English in three months. (2)The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 3.may/might,can/could都可表可能，但may/might 不能用于问句，can/could用于否定句、疑问句、感叹句，表示惊异、怀疑，一般不用于肯定句。如果用于肯定句，则表示偶尔发生某事的可能，或某人某物一时的特点。 (1)—Are you coming to Jeff’s party? —I’m not sure.I might go to the concert instead. (2)—Where can Mr.Li be? —Sorry,I don’t know.You can go to ask Mr.Zhang.He may help you. (3)Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (4)We enjoy good weather in January,but sometimes it can be terribly cold.（……有时偶尔也会很冷） 4.must表推测用于肯定句，其否定式要用can’t 对现在表示推测:must do can’t do 对正在进行的动作表示推测:must be doing can’t be doing 对过去表示推测:must have done can’t /couldn’t have done (1)—There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well. —It couldn’t have been a comfortable journey. (2)Jack can’t have arrived yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me. (3)Put on more clothes,you must be feeling cold with only a shirt on. (4)I didn’t hear the phone.I must have been asleep. 5.情态动词完成体的意义。 can/ could have done 过去可能做过，过去本来可以做某事但没有做 must have don 过去一定做过 may have done 可能已经做过，本来可以做但没做 might have done 过去可能做过，过去本来可以做但没做 can’t /couldn’t have done 过去不可能做过某事 should (not)have done 过去本该（不该）做，但却没做（做了） ought (not)to have done 过去本该（不该）做，但却没做（做了） needn’t have done 过去本来没必要做，但却做了 would rather (not)have done 宁愿过去做了（没做） 6.关于should的主要用法 (1)It’s already seven o’clock.Jack should be here at any moment. （should表推测，意为“随时都会来”、“真该来了”。） (2)---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They should be ready by 12:00 （should:应该） (3)You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady. (shou