生物质热解燃油柴油乳化燃料理化分析和喷雾特性的实验分析-动力机械及工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要生物质热解燃油作为一种可再生的新型能源，如果能将其开发成为车用燃料，对于 缓解我国的能源危机、保障我国的能源战略安全，具有十分重要的意义。本文针对生物质热解燃油运动粘高，密度大等问题，首先对其进行了蒸馏精制， 从而获得了密度和粘度较低的生物质热解燃油；然后通过添加乳化剂，使其与柴油乳化 为能够被发动机使用的乳化燃料；最后在相关仪器的辅助下，对乳化燃料的理化特性和 喷雾特性进行了测定，初步完成了生物质热解燃油作为车用燃料的开发工作。在生物质热解燃油的精制及乳化部分，主要进行了精制及乳化实验，结果表明：（1） 通过蒸馏的方式对生物质热解燃油进行精制可行。（2）非离子型表面活性剂司潘-80（span-80）和吐温-80（tween-80）复配出的复合型乳化剂 HLB 值在 7 左右时，乳化效 果最佳。（3）乳化温度对乳化油的稳定性有显著影响，随着乳化温度从低到高，乳化油 的稳定时间先增大后减小，在 40℃时，其稳定性最好。在理化特性分析部分，着重对精制后的生物质热解燃油的化学组成及乳化油的密 度、运动粘度等物理性质进行了测定。结果表明：(1)精制后的生物质热解燃油中的主 要成分是苯类化合物，约占 70%左右；其余 30%则由醇、烯、醚类化合物共同构成。(2) 经测定，乳化油的密度、运动粘度、凝点、铜片腐蚀等物理性质基本能够达到车用燃料 的国标要求。在乳化燃料的喷雾特性分析部分，主要对乳化燃料的雾化过程及雾化质量进行了研 究，结果表明：（1）空气的卷吸作用导致油束外缘成齿状形态。（2）乳化燃料的喷雾锥 角与其自身的粘度有关，粘度越大，锥角越小。在喷射条件相同的情况下，随乳化比例 的增加，喷雾锥角先减小后增大。（3）乳化燃料的雾化质量随乳化比例的增加而逐渐变 差。关键词：生物质热解燃油，柴油，乳化，理化特性，喷雾特性AbstractAs a kind of renewable energy, the Biomass Pyrolysis Oil would be significance of relieving Chinese energy crisis and safeguarding energy security, if it used as the vehicle fuel.Because of the high level of kinematical viscosity and density, this paper distilled the biomass pyrolysis oil firstly and obtained the new biomass pyrolysis oil with lower density and viscosity. Then, in order to get the emulsified fuel that can be used as the engine fuel, the biomass pyrolysis oil was emulsified with diesel by adding the emulsifiers. Finally, the physical and chemical property characteristics were measured by the related instruments.The experiments were performed at the part of refining and emulsifying, the results show that: (1) The biomass pyrolysis oil can be refined by distillation. (2) The emulsification was best when the HLB of bio-oil/diesel emulsified fuel valued 7. (3) The emulsification temperature effected the stability of bio-oil/diesel emulsified fuel obviously. With thetemperature rising, the stable time would increase at first then decreased sharply. 40℃ wasthe best temperature to the stability.At the physical and chemical property characteristics part, the viscosity and density of bio-