【译林牛津版】英语选六：Unit3语法练习（含答案）.docVIP

虚拟语气在英文句子中，谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种：A）直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。B) 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside until you are asked. 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。Lets just take a break, shall we? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？C) 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气例如：I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。Would you mind shutting the door? 劳驾您把门关上。 ② 在宾语从句中的用法； ③ 在壮语从句中的用法； ④ 及主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中的用法； ⑤ 在一些特殊句型中的用法等。 用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气条件句分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。①与现在事实相违背If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事实是：我没有时间）我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account. （事实是：我并不是你）我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。②与过去事实相违背If I hadnt been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday. (事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了)我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. （事实是：他没有听我的建议）要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。③与未来事实相违背If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way.  （假设的情况不大可能发生）要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。Even if they were to fail, they wouldnt lose courage.  （说话人不希望假设的情况发生）即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。熟悉并掌握好下面的基本句式：? 条件从句 主句 与现在事实相违背 过去式（动词是BE用were） Should/would + 动词原形 与过去事实相违背 had + 过去分词 would/should + have +过去分词 与未来事实相违背 1) should + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式（动词是B也可以用were） would/Should + 动词原形 1. 省略If的几种情况当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如：If you were the manager here, what would you do? =Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. =Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。If we had time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park. =Had we time to spar