Laser Power and Oscillation - Course Website Directory激光功率与振荡-课程网站目录.docVIP

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Laser Power and Oscillation - Course Website Directory激光功率与振荡-课程网站目录.doc

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Laser Power and Oscillation - Course Website Directory激光功率与振荡-课程网站目录

Laser Power and Oscillation Let’s begin by deriving an expression for the continuous wave (cw) power generated as a function of pump rate. Where we are now including losses internal to the cavity and Ta and Tb represent transmission losses. In the gain medium: And And where the loss term includes both distributed losses in the laser medium and window losses. That is: or Rigrod’s Analysis If ?int = 0, the exact solution for the output intensity was derived by Rigrod to be: Whew! Let’s check this for a particular case and see if it makes sense. Let Ta = Tb = 1; R1 = 1 (i.e., no losses!). Then… Or But So * Moral: For no losses in the cavity, output power is maximum when R2 is large (but 1). This is necessary to increase I and extract energy stored in the upper laser level. If ? ( 0, then an optimal value for R2 exists. If I becomes too large, losses (and not power extraction) dominate. Review: Saturation and Laser Power (1) The maximum gain or inversion density a laser system can have is when stimulated emission is suppressed by, for example, blocking the cavity. The extraction of laser power reduces the inversion density. ?(I) = saturated gain I = intracavity laser intensity ?0 = gain when I = 0 IS = saturation intensity ?SE = stimulated emission cross section ?2 = lifetime of inversion (2) In the steady state, the average gain of a laser is “clamped” at threshold, ?th, by saturation. ?th is that value which provides a round trip gain of unity. If ? ?th, I will become arbitrarily large. If ? ?th, I will decay to zero. (3) The pumping (or unsaturated inversion density) in excess of threshold is extracted as laser power. (4) Using a Rigrod analysis for a cavity without losses except for output mirror transmission. Iout = where ?0?g is single pass small signal gain. Laser Power: Alternate Derivation 1. The saturated gain of an amplifier or laser is 2. The threshold for oscillation, given this system: is: So 3. On average, in the steady