名词性从1.doc

名词性从句（一）Nominal Clauses （Ⅰ）从句法功能上划分，复合句可以分为名词性从句（即宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句和介词补足成分）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）和副词性分句（即状语从句）。名词性从句能在句中起名词词组的作用，这种从句通常由从属连词that引导，也可由who， whom， whose， what， which， whoever， whatever， whichever等连接代词引导，还可由where， when， how， why等连接副词引导。1.名词性从句在句中作宾语谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以有宾语从句。某些形容词之后也可以带宾语从句。1）由that引导的宾语从句She said (that) she would return the book soon.她说她很快就会还书。She said (that) she would come.她说她要来。We never doubt that he is honest.我们从没有怀疑他的诚实。She suggested that he do it at once.她建议他马上做。Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him.听说儿子受了重伤，他急忙赶到医院去看望他。I am sure that she will like this book.我确信她会喜欢这本书的。We are glad that so many old friends will attend our tea party.我们非常高兴这么多老朋友要来参加我们的茶话会。I don’t know anything about him except that he lives next door.我只知道他住在隔壁。2）由whether， if 引导的宾语从句whether 可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句；whether 可以作介词宾语，而if不能；whether引导的名词性从句可以放在句首，而if引导的从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后；连接宾语从句时，whether和if可以互换；whether后可以接动词不定式， if则不能。例如：Whether she comes or not makes no difference.她来不来没有关系（不能用if）。I don’t know whether to lend him the money.我不知道是否该借钱给他。I wonder whether/if he’ll agree with me.我不知道他是否会同意我的意见。I want to know whether/if you can answer the question.我不知道你能否回答这个问题。I don’t know whether/if he will come back this evening.我不知道他今晚是否回来。Do you know whether/if any decision has been arrived at? 你知道有任何决定下来了吗？3）由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句对于由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句，要注意要使用陈述句的语序。例如：I can’t imagine what made him act like that.我不能想像是什么让他那样的。Tell me what you have done.告诉我你干了什么。Can you tell us who is responsible for the fire？ 你能告诉我们谁为这场火灾负责吗？I can guess who/whom you have talked with.我可以猜出谁和你谈话了。I know whose brother he is.我知道他是谁的兄弟。Please explain why this is impossible.请解释为什么这个不可能？I can not understand why he said that again.我不明白他为什么又说那件事了。Nobody can tell when she will arrive.没人知道她什么时候会来。We have to decide when we’ll set off.我们必须决定什么时候动身。Do you know which team lost in the game? 你知道哪个队在比赛中输了吗？I haven’t decided yet which would be the best thing to do.我还没决定最好做