数字与脑：认知神经科学的研究前沿.ppt

3 Genius and Idiot Calculation Disorder 数字理解与数量操作受损， 数学运算正常 数学运算受损， 数字理解与数量操作正常 Developmental Dyscalculia It linked with HIPS Abnormality Lemar, 2003; Issacs, 2000 A Calculation Prodigy Pesenti, 2000 Abacus Abacus is a kind of computational devices created by Chinese people. It has very simple structure, can be mastered easily , and is very convenient for using. Structure of Abacus: the abacus uses place value and the base-10 system of numeration to represent numbers. column beads section Basic operation of Abacus Abacus Training cause Brain Change 2D space 1D space Hanakawa, 2003 Take Home Messages 数字的产生有两个来源，一是进化，一是文明 我们先天获得了两个数字加工系统，一是对小数字的精确加工，一是对大数字的概略加工 人脑的双侧顶内沟水平部是加工数字的特定部位 语言与空间能力在个体数学认知的发展中起着关键性作用 数字认知是一个特异性的领域，既可以受到单独的损害，也可以得到单一的促进 谢谢我的同事！ 董奇教授 庞丽娟教授 周新林博士 张华博士 张树东博士 赵晖博士 郭易 蒋挺 陈春晖 谢谢大家！ Violation-of-Expectation Wynn, 1998 Core system 1 & 2 Feigensen, 2002 Are there specific effects? Subitizing and Counting Core system 1 Core system 2 Piazza, 2003 1 2 2 3 4 5 3 7 7 8 Distance effect and Size effect Brannon, 2002 Is it linked with distinct brain areas? Core system 1 & 2 Core system 1 Core system 2 Bilateral HIPS 双侧顶内沟 Right extrastriate region 右侧视区 Piazza, 2003 Sathian, 1999 The most important candidate:Bilateral horizontal segment of intraparietal sulcusHIPS 双侧顶内沟水平部 Dehaene, 2003 Activation in HIPS varied with number distance Pinel, 2001 2 Language and Space Words and language, whether written or spoken, do not seem to play any part in my thought processes. The psychological entities that serve as building blocks for my thought are certain signs or images, more or less clear, that I can reproduce and recombine at will. Albert Einstein (1823-1891) Two dynamic tracks Animals Human Infant Children Adult Phylogenetic Ontogenetic Pirah? tribe in Brasil:people without number hói (one), hoì (two), baagi / aibai (many) Pirah? tribe in Brasil:people without number Counting Imitation to knocking Numerical cognition of