网络通信_ch17_传输协议.pptVIP

Bilingual CourseNetwork Communications网络通信(For Master Students in the Department of Electronic Engineering)Chapter 17 Transport Protocols Instructor: Dr. Tianshuang Qiu School of the Electronic and Information Engineering Fall of 2009 OSI与TCP/IP协议的关系 Introduction The transport protocol provides an end-to-end data transfer service that shields upper layer protocols from the details of the intervening（中介）network or networks. A transport protocol can be either connection oriented, such as TCP (Transmission control protocol), or connectionless, such as UDP (User datagram protocol). If the underlying（下层）network or internetwork service is unreliable, such as with the use of IP, then a connection-oriented transport protocol becomes quite complex. The basic cause of this complexity is the need to deal with the relatively large and variable delays experienced between end systems. These large, variable delays complicate（使复杂）the flow control and error control techniques. TCP uses a credit-based（基于信用量）flow and error control technique that is somewhat different from the sliding-window flow control found in X.25 and HDLC. In essence, TCP separates acknowledgements from the management of the size of the sliding window. Although the TCP credit-based mechanism was designed for end-to-end flow control, it is also used to assist in internetwork congestion control. When a TCP entity detects the presence of congestion in the internet, it reduces the flow of data onto the internet until it detects an easing（缓解）in congestion. 传输层协议与其它协议的关系 In a protocol architecture, the transport protocol sits above a network or internetwork layer，which provides network related services, and just below application and other upper-level protocols. The transport protocol provides services to transport service (TS) users, such as FTP (File Transfer Protocol ), SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ), and TELNET. The local transport entity communicates with some remote transport entity, using the serv