材料科学基础第2章晶体缺陷 ppt课件.pptVIP

材料科学基础;Chapter Outline ;晶体结构中原子组合的不完整性，称为晶体缺陷。 点缺陷—在三维方向都很小的（不超过几个原子间距）缺陷，或者说是零维缺陷。包括空位、间隙原子、置换原子等。 线缺陷—在两个方向上尺寸很小，而另一个方向尺寸很长的缺陷，即一维缺陷。也就是“位错”．这是本章要重点讨论的。 面缺陷—在一个方向尺寸很小，而另两个方向尺寸很大的缺陷，即二维缺陷。如相界面、晶界、亚晶界，还有孪晶界、堆垛层错等。 ;Point defects - Imperfections, such as vacancies, that are located typically at one (in some cases a few) sites in the crystal. Extended defects - Defects that involve several atoms/ions and thus occur over a finite volume of the crystalline material (e.g., dislocations, stacking faults, etc.). Vacancy - An atom or an ion missing from its regular crystallographic site. Interstitial