10年度全英circu3.pptVIP

Response to Injury Tissue injury vessel-wall relaxes flow↑ Substances from cells or plasma precursors inflammation histamine 2 Extrinsic Controls (1) Sympathetic Nerves artery,arteriole,venule,vein Effect：vasoconstriction β2R ACh T1- L2.3 (NE+ αR) (vasoconstrictor fibers) (2) Parasympathetic Nerves : ACh+MR Effect： vasodilation Noncholinergic, Nonadrenergic Autonomic Neurons (NO) Effects： vasodilation (4) Hormones Epinephrine： + β2R →vasodilation Angiotensin Ⅱ： + ATR →vasoconstriction Vasopressin： + V1R → vasoconstriction EDRF：NO →vasodilation Prostacylin(PGI2)： → vasodilation Endothelin: +ETAR → vasoconstriction Ⅴ Endothelial cells Ⅵ　Capillaries 1 Anatomy of the Capillary Network 148 (1) Composition of Microcirculation Pathways： ① nutrient channel：substance exchange ② thoroughfare channel：VR quickly ③ AV shunt：regulate BT precapillary sphincter true capillary arteriole metarteriole venule AV shunt thoroughfare capillary Structure and Permeability of Capillary Endothelial cell(pore) basement membrane Quantities Exchange Area of Capillary Quantity: 40 billions Exchange area: 1000m2 2 Velocity of Capillary Blood Flow Mechanisms of exchange: ① Diffusion (simple, facilitated) ② Filtration and Reabsorption ③ Pinocytosis 3 Substance Exchange between Blood  and Interstitial Fluid Diffusion Across the Capillary Wall: Exchange of Nutrients and metabolic End Products Bulk Flow Across the Capillary Wall: Distribution of the Extracellular Fluid Interstitial Fluid A. Formation of Interstitial Fluid Filtration： ① capillary pressure ② interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure Reabsorption: ① interstitial fluid pressure ② plasma colloid osmotic pressure Motive force：net filtration pressure NFP= filtration force - reabsorption force A end:NFP=（40+5）-（25+5）= +10mmHg V end:NFP=（15+5）-（25+5）= - 10mmHg V=Kf [(Pc+πif) - (πp+Pif)] A en