一维半金属的能态质究大学物理系论文.docVIP

第 PAGE 1页共30页一维半金属的能态性质研究摘要 本课题就一维情况下半金属的能态性质进行研究。半金属是性质介于金属和非金属之间的物质。首先，在微扰的作用下，周期场中运动的电子的能级就形成能带。半金属的能带交叠比较少，所以其既具有金属性质又具有半导体性质。进而运用能带理论，求出在一定温度下半金属的能态密度。通过能态密度，求出半金属的费米能级。根据费米能级求出半金属的电子热容量和电导率。在一定温度下, 分析能态密度对半金属的电子热容量和电导性质的影响。关键词 半金属；能态密度；费米能级；电子热容量；电导率ABSTRACT The properties of the energy states is studied for the case of the one-dimensional semi-metallic. The semi-metallic is the material between the metal and nonmetal. Firstly, the effect of the perturbation causes energy levels of the moving electrons in the cycle potetial to form the energy band. As the overlap of the semi-metallic band is relatively small, its nature has both metal and semiconductor natures. And then the energy-band theory is used to obtain the energy density for the semi-metallic at a certain temperature. The Fermi energy level of the semi-metal is calculated by use of the density of states. According to the Fermi energy level, the heat capacity and conductivity of the electron are computed for the semi-metallic. At a certain temperature, the affect of the density of energy states is analyzed for the properties of the electronic heat capacity and conductivity in the semi-metallic.KEY WORDS Semi-metallic; Density of the energy state; Fermi energy level; Electronic heat capacity; Conductivity目 录前言 ………………………………………………………………………………42．半金属的定义………………………………………………………………………63. 能带理论和金属电子论……………………………………………………………9 3.1能态密度函数 …………………………………………………………………9 3.2的确定………………………………………………………………………10 3.3电子热容量 ……………………………………………………………………12 3.4 电导率公式……………………………………………………………………134. 一维半金属的能态性质研究………………………………………………………19总结 …………………………………………………………………………………27致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………28参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………30前言传统的半金属是一种由于导带与价带有少量交叠（负带隙宽度）或导带底与价带顶具有相同能量（零带隙宽度），而使其宏观输运性质介于典型的金属与半导体之间的半金属。[1]在半金属磁体的能带结构中，两个自旋子能带分别具有金属性与绝缘性。半金属材料从微观上具有导体和绝缘体双重性质：对一种自旋取向的电子其能带结构呈现金属性，而另一自旋取向的电子其能带结构呈现绝缘体性。[2]对半金属的研究重未停止过，并且取得许多优秀的研究成果。2009年，瞿婧，周岚运用量子力学的隧穿方法讨论一个铁磁／半金属／铁磁隧道结(FM／HM／FM)中的自旋极化输运和隧道磁电阻(TMR)。[3] 结果表明：当选