中南大学湘雅医学院，生理课件，生理绪论.ppt

Physiology focus on normal functional activities and their control mechanism in life One of basic medical science courses An experimental science Developing simultaneously with integrated level of natural science Unifying macrocosm and microcosm for life Principle thesis in physiology: Identity of function with structure Homeostasis Essential characters of life: metabolism excitability adaptation reproduction Conceptual Organization of the Body and Organ Systems Blood, a crucial fluid by which the diverse organ systems communicate and exchange materials and energy. It is essential to the function of every other organ system. Circulation system,including the heart and blood vessels, which push blood flowing in whole body. Respiratory system, take the exchange of air between the body and the outer environment. Gastrointestinal tract,including esophagus,stomach,small and large intestines,liver,pancreas and gallbladder. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation. Renal system,formation and regulation of urine, based on which the body regulates the balance of water, salts, and acid-base. Special senses, including sight, hearing, taste and smell, etc. The nervous system: sensory system, motor system, autonomic nervous system, and advanced function of brain. Endocrine system. Reproductive system. Immune system. Others: skin, skeleton, muscles. Regulation for physiological function Nervous regulation basic manner: reflex character: rapidly, accurately, momentarily Humoral regulation basic manner: hormone, local liquid factors character: slowly, extensively, persistently Autoregulation * * Introduction to Physiology Xiaoqun Qin, PhD.,MD. The principle properties of Physiology: Main Method: behave observation, in vive anatomy, chronic experiment, isolated organ or tissue , cell biology, molecular biology, biophysics, simulation on computer Study scale: cellular and molecular level,