【基础医学】MORALITY OF STEM CELLS.ppt

Morality of Stem Cells Stem Cells Definition of stem cells Stem cells are “pluripotent” cells that can produce many different kinds of cells. A fertilized egg is “omnipotent”, i.e. can produce all cells. Different kinds of stem cells Embryonic stem cells come from embryos (6 weeks). Stem cells from blastocysts (2 weeks) are virtually “immortal”. Fetal stem cells come from fetuses ( 6 weeks) Stem cells are present in some adult tissues, including brain, spinal cord, and bone marrow. Embryonic vs. Adult Stem Cells Embryonic stem cells Embryonic cells are pluripotent and virtually immortal. Embryonic stem cells can form tumors called teratomas. Several methods are now available to control growth of embryonic stem cells. Adult stem cells Adult stem cells also have the capacity to produce many different cell types, including neurons. A person’s own stem cells should be the best source of cells for transplantation Adult stem cells will eventually substitute for embryonic stem cells. Embryonic Stem Cells The Stem Cell Debate On August 9, 2001, President George Bush announced that NIH will fund human embryonic stem cell (HESC) research for the first time. The research will be restricted to 72 cell lines derived from surplus fertilized embryos before August 9. Both opponents and supporters of HESC research are unhappy with the ruling. Opponents believe that federal funding of human ESC research will open a Pandora’s box leading to baby and organ factories. Supporters believe that the restrictions will hold back crucial research that will benefit millions of people. Researchers have recently found that they can create cloned embryos. Stem cells derived from such embryos have the same genes and are an ideal source of stem cells for transplantation. Congress, however, is considering a bill that would outlaw making of cloned embryonic stem cells. Importance of Stem Cells Studies of human embryonic stem cells will lead to major advances in human biology Embryonic stem c