环境生态学Chapter7群落动态 副本.pptx

环境生态学第七章 群落的动态;群落的动态;1 群落变化类型;1 群落变化类型;群落动态研究的意义;群落演替的表征;2 群落演替的类型;经典的演替类型;经典的演替类型;3 控制群落演替的几种主要因素;3.1 群落内部环境的变化;3.2 外界环境条件的变化;3.3 植物繁殖体的迁移、散布和动物的活动性;3.4 种内和种间关系的改变;3.5 人类的活动;The four stages of lodgepole pine succession in Yellowstone National Park. In stage I (0-50 years) after the fire.;The four stages of lodgepole pine succession in Yellowstone National Park. In stage II, characterized by the maturation of the trees(50-150 years);The four stages of lodgepole pine succession in Yellowstone National Park. In stage III. As some of the trees in Stage II begin to die, Stage III begins. Trees mature and weaken, and many are killed by bark beetles. Light reaches the forest floor, and seedlings germinate and grow.;The four stages of lodgepole pine succession in Yellowstone National Park. Stage IV begins after approximately 250 years. Lodgepoles are reaching their maximum life span and death are common. This stage is very vulnerable to fire.;4 演替顶级学说;4.1 单元顶极学说(Clements,1916);4.2 多元顶极学说(Tansley,1954);单元和多元顶级论的区别与联系;4.3 现代演替理论的发展;顶极-格局学说(Whittaker,1953);现代演替理论的发展;本章主要概念;思考题;推荐阅读